Test vectors
Testing the correctness of the primitives implemented in each cryptography
backend requires trusted test vectors. Where possible these vectors are
obtained from official sources such as NIST or IETF RFCs. When this is
not possible cryptography has chosen to create a set of custom vectors
using an official vector file as input to verify consistency between
implemented backends.
Vectors are kept in the cryptography_vectors package rather than within our
main test suite.
Sources
Custom asymmetric vectors
- asymmetric/PEM_Serialization/ec_private_key.pem and
asymmetric/DER_Serialization/ec_private_key.der - Contains an Elliptic
Curve key generated by OpenSSL from the curve secp256r1.
- asymmetric/PEM_Serialization/ec_private_key_encrypted.pem and
asymmetric/DER_Serialization/ec_private_key_encrypted.der- Contains the
same Elliptic Curve key as ec_private_key.pem, except that it is
encrypted with AES-128 with the password “123456”.
- asymmetric/PEM_Serialization/ec_public_key.pem and
asymmetric/DER_Serialization/ec_public_key.der- Contains the public key
corresponding to ec_private_key.pem, generated using OpenSSL.
- asymmetric/PEM_Serialization/rsa_private_key.pem - Contains an RSA 2048
bit key generated using OpenSSL, protected by the secret “123456” with DES3
encryption.
- asymmetric/PEM_Serialization/rsa_public_key.pem and
asymmetric/DER_Serialization/rsa_public_key.der- Contains an RSA 2048
bit public generated using OpenSSL from rsa_private_key.pem.
- asymmetric/PEM_Serialization/dsaparam.pem - Contains 2048-bit DSA
parameters generated using OpenSSL; contains no keys.
- asymmetric/PEM_Serialization/dsa_private_key.pem - Contains a DSA 2048
bit key generated using OpenSSL from the parameters in dsaparam.pem,
protected by the secret “123456” with DES3 encryption.
- asymmetric/PEM_Serialization/dsa_public_key.pem and
asymmetric/DER_Serialization/dsa_public_key.der - Contains a DSA 2048 bit
key generated using OpenSSL from dsa_private_key.pem.
- asymmetric/PKCS8/unenc-dsa-pkcs8.pem and
asymmetric/DER_Serialization/unenc-dsa-pkcs8.der - Contains a DSA 1024
bit key generated using OpenSSL.
- asymmetric/PKCS8/unenc-dsa-pkcs8.pub.pem and
asymmetric/DER_Serialization/unenc-dsa-pkcs8.pub.der - Contains a DSA
2048 bit public key generated using OpenSSL from unenc-dsa-pkcs8.pem.
- DER conversions of the GnuTLS example keys for DSA as well as the
OpenSSL example key for RSA.
- DER conversions of enc-rsa-pkcs8.pem, enc2-rsa-pkcs8.pem, and
unenc-rsa-pkcs8.pem.
- asymmetric/public/PKCS1/rsa.pub.pem and
asymmetric/public/PKCS1/rsa.pub.der are PKCS1 conversions of the public
key from asymmetric/PKCS8/unenc-rsa-pkcs8.pem using PEM and DER encoding.
Key exchange
- vectors/cryptography_vectors/asymmetric/DH/RFC5114.txt contains
Diffie-Hellman examples from appendix A.1, A.2 and A.3 of RFC 5114.
- vectors/cryptography_vectors/asymmetric/DH/vec.txt contains
Diffie-Hellman examples from botan.
- vectors/cryptography_vectors/asymmetric/DH/bad_exchange.txt contains
Diffie-Hellman vector pairs that were generated using OpenSSL
DH_generate_parameters_ex and DH_generate_key.
- vectors/cryptography_vectors/asymmetric/DH/dhp.pem,
vectors/cryptography_vectors/asymmetric/DH/dhkey.pem and
vectors/cryptography_vectors/asymmetric/DH/dhpub.pem contains
Diffie-Hellman parameters and key respectively. The keys were
generated using OpenSSL following DHKE guide.
vectors/cryptography_vectors/asymmetric/DH/dhkey.txt contains
all parameter in text.
vectors/cryptography_vectors/asymmetric/DH/dhp.der,
vectors/cryptography_vectors/asymmetric/DH/dhkey.der and
vectors/cryptography_vectors/asymmetric/DH/dhpub.der contains
are the above parameters and keys in DER format.
- vectors/cryptography_vectors/asymmetric/DH/dhp_rfc5114_2.pem,
vectors/cryptography_vectors/asymmetric/DH/dhkey_rfc5114_2.pem and
vectors/cryptography_vectors/asymmetric/DH/dhpub_rfc5114_2.pem contains
Diffie-Hellman parameters and key respectively. The keys were
generated using OpenSSL following DHKE guide. When creating the
parameters we added the -pkeyopt dh_rfc5114:2 option to use
RFC5114 2048 bit DH parameters with 224 bit subgroup.
vectors/cryptography_vectors/asymmetric/DH/dhkey_rfc5114_2.txt contains
all parameter in text.
vectors/cryptography_vectors/asymmetric/DH/dhp_rfc5114_2.der,
vectors/cryptography_vectors/asymmetric/DH/dhkey_rfc5114_2.der and
vectors/cryptography_vectors/asymmetric/DH/dhpub_rfc5114_2.der contains
are the above parameters and keys in DER format.
X.509
- PKITS test suite from NIST PKI Testing.
- v1_cert.pem from the OpenSSL source tree (testx509.pem).
- ecdsa_root.pem - DigiCert Global Root G3, a secp384r1 ECDSA root
certificate.
- verisign-md2-root.pem - A legacy Verisign public root signed using the
MD2 algorithm. This is a PEM conversion of the root data in the NSS source
tree.
- cryptography.io.pem - A leaf certificate issued by RapidSSL for the
cryptography website.
- rapidssl_sha256_ca_g3.pem - The intermediate CA that issued the
cryptography.io.pem certificate.
- wildcard_san.pem - A leaf certificate issued by a public CA for
langui.sh that contains wildcard entries in the SAN extension.
- san_edipartyname.der - A DSA certificate from a Mozilla bug
containing a SAN extension with an ediPartyName general name.
- san_x400address.der - A DSA certificate from a Mozilla bug containing
a SAN extension with an x400Address general name.
- department-of-state-root.pem - The intermediary CA for the Department of
State, issued by the United States Federal Government’s Common Policy CA.
Notably has a critical policy constraints extensions.
- e-trust.ru.der - A certificate from a Russian CA signed using the GOST
cipher and containing numerous unusual encodings such as NUMERICSTRING in
the subject DN.
- alternate-rsa-sha1-oid.pem - A certificate from an
unknown signature OID Mozilla bug that uses an alternate signature OID for
RSA with SHA1.
- badssl-sct.pem - A certificate with the certificate transparency signed
certificate timestamp extension.
- bigoid.pem - A certificate with a rather long OID in the
Certificate Policies extension. We need to make sure we can parse
long OIDs.
Custom X.509 Vectors
- invalid_version.pem - Contains an RSA 2048 bit certificate with the
X.509 version field set to 0x7.
- post2000utctime.pem - Contains an RSA 2048 bit certificate with the
notBefore and notAfter fields encoded as post-2000 UTCTime.
- dsa_selfsigned_ca.pem - Contains a DSA self-signed CA certificate
generated using OpenSSL.
- ec_no_named_curve.pem - Contains an ECDSA certificate that does not have
an embedded OID defining the curve.
- all_supported_names.pem - An RSA 2048 bit certificate generated using
OpenSSL that contains a subject and issuer that have two of each supported
attribute type from RFC 5280.
- unsupported_subject_name.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed CA certificate
generated using OpenSSL that contains the unsupported “initials” name.
- utf8_common_name.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed CA certificate
generated using OpenSSL that contains a UTF8String common name with the value
“We heart UTF8!™”.
- two_basic_constraints.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed certificate
containing two basic constraints extensions.
- basic_constraints_not_critical.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed
certificate containing a basic constraints extension that is not marked as
critical.
- bc_path_length_zero.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed
certificate containing a basic constraints extension with a path length of
zero.
- unsupported_extension.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed certificate
containing an unsupported extension type. The OID was encoded as
“1.2.3.4” with an extnValue of “value”.
- unsupported_extension_2.pem - A secp256r1 certificate
containing two unsupported extensions. The OIDs are 1.3.6.1.4.1.41482.2
with an extnValue of 1.3.6.1.4.1.41482.1.2 and
1.3.6.1.4.1.45724.2.1.1 with an extnValue of \x03\x02\x040
- unsupported_extension_critical.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed
certificate containing an unsupported extension type marked critical. The OID
was encoded as “1.2.3.4” with an extnValue of “value”.
- san_email_dns_ip_dirname_uri.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed
certificate containing a subject alternative name extension with the
following general names: rfc822Name, dNSName, iPAddress,
directoryName, and uniformResourceIdentifier.
- san_empty_hostname.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed certificate
containing a subject alternative extension with an empty dNSName
general name.
- san_other_name.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed certificate containing
a subject alternative name extension with the otherName general name.
- san_registered_id.pem - An RSA 1024 bit certificate containing a
subject alternative name extension with the registeredID general name.
- all_key_usages.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed certificate containing
a key usage extension with all nine purposes set to true.
- extended_key_usage.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed certificate
containing an extended key usage extension with eight usages.
- san_idna_names.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed certificate containing
a subject alternative name extension with rfc822Name, dNSName, and
uniformResourceIdentifier general names with IDNA (RFC 5895) encoding.
- san_wildcard_idna.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed certificate
containing a subject alternative name extension with a dNSName general
name with a wildcard IDNA (RFC 5895) domain.
- san_idna2003_dnsname.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed certificate
containing a subject alternative name extension with an IDNA 2003
(RFC 3490) dNSName.
- san_rfc822_names.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed certificate containing
a subject alternative name extension with various rfc822Name values.
- san_rfc822_idna.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed certificate containing
a subject alternative name extension with an IDNA rfc822Name.
- san_uri_with_port.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed certificate
containing a subject alternative name extension with various
uniformResourceIdentifier values.
- san_ipaddr.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed certificate containing a
subject alternative name extension with an iPAddress value.
- san_dirname.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed certificate containing a
subject alternative name extension with a directoryName value.
- inhibit_any_policy_5.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed certificate
containing an inhibit any policy extension with the value 5.
- inhibit_any_policy_negative.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed certificate
containing an inhibit any policy extension with the value -1.
- authority_key_identifier.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed certificate
containing an authority key identifier extension with key identifier,
authority certificate issuer, and authority certificate serial number fields.
- authority_key_identifier_no_keyid.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed
certificate containing an authority key identifier extension with authority
certificate issuer and authority certificate serial number fields.
- aia_ocsp_ca_issuers.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed certificate
containing an authority information access extension with two OCSP and one
CA issuers entry.
- aia_ocsp.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed certificate
containing an authority information access extension with an OCSP entry.
- aia_ca_issuers.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed certificate
containing an authority information access extension with a CA issuers entry.
- cdp_empty_hostname.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed certificate
containing a CRL distribution point extension with fullName URI without
a hostname.
- cdp_fullname_reasons_crl_issuer.pem - An RSA 1024 bit certificate
containing a CRL distribution points extension with fullName,
cRLIssuer, and reasons data.
- cdp_crl_issuer.pem - An RSA 1024 bit certificate containing a CRL
distribution points extension with cRLIssuer data.
- cdp_all_reasons.pem - An RSA 1024 bit certificate containing a CRL
distribution points extension with all reasons bits set.
- cdp_reason_aa_compromise.pem - An RSA 1024 bit certificate containing a
CRL distribution points extension with the AACompromise reasons bit
set.
- nc_permitted_excluded.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed certificate
containing a name constraints extension with both permitted and excluded
elements. Contains IPv4 and IPv6 addresses with network mask as well
as dNSName with a leading period.
- nc_permitted_excluded_2.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed certificate
containing a name constraints extension with both permitted and excluded
elements. Unlike nc_permitted_excluded.pem, the general names do not
contain any name constraints specific values.
- nc_permitted.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed certificate containing a
name constraints extension with permitted elements.
- nc_permitted_2.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed certificate containing a
name constraints extension with permitted elements that do not contain any
name constraints specific values.
- nc_excluded.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed certificate containing a
name constraints extension with excluded elements.
- nc_invalid_ip_netmask.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed certificate
containing a name constraints extension with a permitted element that has an
IPv6 IP and an invalid network mask.
- nc_single_ip_netmask.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed certificate
containing a name constraints extension with a permitted element that has two
IPs with /32 and /128 network masks.
- cp_user_notice_with_notice_reference.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed
certificate containing a certificate policies extension with a
notice reference in the user notice.
- cp_user_notice_with_explicit_text.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed
certificate containing a certificate policies extension with explicit
text and no notice reference.
- cp_cps_uri.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed certificate containing a
certificate policies extension with a CPS URI and no user notice.
- cp_user_notice_no_explicit_text.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed
certificate containing a certificate policies extension with a user notice
with no explicit text.
- cp_invalid.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed certificate containing a
certificate policies extension with invalid data.
- ian_uri.pem - An RSA 2048 bit certificate containing an issuer
alternative name extension with a URI general name.
- ocsp_nocheck.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed certificate containing
an OCSPNoCheck extension.
- pc_inhibit_require.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed certificate
containing a policy constraints extension with both inhibit policy mapping
and require explicit policy elements.
- pc_inhibit.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed certificate containing a
policy constraints extension with an inhibit policy mapping element.
- pc_require.pem - An RSA 2048 bit self-signed certificate containing a
policy constraints extension with a require explicit policy element.
- unsupported_subject_public_key_info.pem - A certificate whose public key
is an unknown OID (1.3.6.1.4.1.8432.1.1.2).
- policy_constraints_explicit.pem - A self-signed certificate containing
a policyConstraints extension with a requireExplicitPolicy value.
Custom X.509 Request Vectors
- dsa_sha1.pem and dsa_sha1.der - Contain a certificate request using
1024-bit DSA parameters and SHA1 generated using OpenSSL.
- rsa_md4.pem and rsa_md4.der - Contain a certificate request using
2048 bit RSA and MD4 generated using OpenSSL.
- rsa_sha1.pem and rsa_sha1.der - Contain a certificate request using
2048 bit RSA and SHA1 generated using OpenSSL.
- rsa_sha256.pem and rsa_sha256.der - Contain a certificate request
using 2048 bit RSA and SHA256 generated using OpenSSL.
- ec_sha256.pem and ec_sha256.der - Contain a certificate request
using EC (secp384r1) and SHA256 generated using OpenSSL.
- san_rsa_sha1.pem and san_rsa_sha1.der - Contain a certificate
request using RSA and SHA1 with a subject alternative name extension
generated using OpenSSL.
- two_basic_constraints.pem - A certificate signing request
for an RSA 2048 bit key containing two basic constraints extensions.
- unsupported_extension.pem - A certificate signing request
for an RSA 2048 bit key containing containing an unsupported
extension type. The OID was encoded as “1.2.3.4” with an
extnValue of “value”.
- unsupported_extension_critical.pem - A certificate signing
request for an RSA 2048 bit key containing containing an unsupported
extension type marked critical. The OID was encoded as “1.2.3.4”
with an extnValue of “value”.
- basic_constraints.pem - A certificate signing request for an RSA
2048 bit key containing a basic constraints extension marked as
critical.
- invalid_signature.pem - A certificate signing request for an RSA
1024 bit key containing an invalid signature with correct padding.
Custom X.509 Certificate Revocation List Vectors
- crl_all_reasons.pem - Contains a CRL with 12 revoked certificates, whose
serials match their list position. It includes one revocation without
any entry extensions, 10 revocations with every supported reason code and one
revocation with an unsupported, non-critical entry extension with the OID
value set to “1.2.3.4”.
- crl_dup_entry_ext.pem - Contains a CRL with one revocation which has a
duplicate entry extension.
- crl_md2_unknown_crit_entry_ext.pem - Contains a CRL with one revocation
which contains an unsupported critical entry extension with the OID value set
to “1.2.3.4”. The CRL uses an unsupported MD2 signature algorithm.
- crl_unsupported_reason.pem - Contains a CRL with one revocation which has
an unsupported reason code.
- crl_inval_cert_issuer_entry_ext.pem - Contains a CRL with one revocation
which has one entry extension for certificate issuer with an empty value.
- crl_empty.pem - Contains a CRL with no revoked certificates.
- crl_ian_aia_aki.pem - Contains a CRL with IssuerAlternativeName,
AuthorityInformationAccess, AuthorityKeyIdentifier and CRLNumber
extensions.
Key derivation functions
- HKDF (SHA1, SHA256) from RFC 5869.
- PBKDF2 (HMAC-SHA1) from RFC 6070.
- scrypt from the draft RFC.
- X9.63 KDF from NIST CAVP.
- SP 800-108 Counter Mode KDF (HMAC-SHA1, HMAC-SHA224, HMAC-SHA256,
HMAC-SHA384, HMAC-SHA512) from NIST CAVP.
Key wrapping
- AES key wrap (AESKW) and 3DES key wrap test vectors from NIST CAVP.
Symmetric ciphers
- AES (CBC, CFB, ECB, GCM, OFB) from NIST CAVP.
- AES CTR from RFC 3686.
- 3DES (CBC, CFB, ECB, OFB) from NIST CAVP.
- ARC4 (KEY-LENGTH: 40, 56, 64, 80, 128, 192, 256) from RFC 6229.
- ARC4 (KEY-LENGTH: 160) generated by this project.
See: ARC4 vector creation
- Blowfish (CBC, CFB, ECB, OFB) from Bruce Schneier’s vectors.
- Camellia (ECB) from NTT’s Camellia page as linked by CRYPTREC.
- Camellia (CBC, CFB, OFB) from OpenSSL’s test vectors.
- CAST5 (ECB) from RFC 2144.
- CAST5 (CBC, CFB, OFB) generated by this project.
See: CAST5 vector creation
- IDEA (ECB) from the NESSIE IDEA vectors created by NESSIE.
- IDEA (CBC, CFB, OFB) generated by this project.
See: IDEA vector creation
- SEED (ECB) from RFC 4269.
- SEED (CBC) from RFC 4196.
- SEED (CFB, OFB) generated by this project.
See: SEED vector creation
Two factor authentication
Creating test vectors
When official vectors are unavailable cryptography may choose to build
its own using existing vectors as source material.
Custom Symmetric Vectors
If official test vectors appear in the future the custom generated vectors
should be discarded.
Any vectors generated by this method must also be prefixed with the following
header format (substituting the correct information):
# CAST5 CBC vectors built for https://github.com/pyca/cryptography
# Derived from the AESVS MMT test data for CBC
# Verified against the CommonCrypto and Go crypto packages
# Key Length : 128