While cryptography and NaCl both share the goal of making cryptography easier, and safer, to use for developers, cryptography is designed to be a general purpose library, interoperable with existing systems, while NaCl features a collection of hand selected algorithms.
cryptography‘s recipes layer has similar goals to NaCl.
If you prefer NaCl’s design, we highly recommend PyNaCl.
If you’ve done cryptographic work in Python before you have likely encountered other libraries in Python such as M2Crypto, PyCrypto, or PyOpenSSL. In building cryptography we wanted to address a few issues we observed in the legacy libraries:
This happens because macOS 10.11 no longer includes a copy of OpenSSL. cryptography now provides wheels which include a statically linked copy of OpenSSL. You’re seeing this error because your copy of pip is too old to find our wheel files. Upgrade your copy of pip with pip install -U pip and then try install cryptography again.
If you are using PyPy, we do not currently ship cryptography wheels for PyPy. You will need to install your own copy of OpenSSL – we recommend using Homebrew.
Upgrade to the latest cryptography and this issue should be resolved.
Frequently InternalError is raised when there are errors on the OpenSSL error stack that were placed there by other libraries that are also using OpenSSL. Try removing the other libraries and see if the problem persists. If you have no other libraries using OpenSSL in your process, or they do not appear to be at fault, it’s possible that this is a bug in cryptography. Please file an issue with instructions on how to reproduce it.
Your cffi package is out of date. pip install -U cffi to update it.
The OpenSSL project has dropped support for the 0.9.8 and 1.0.0 release series. Since they are no longer receiving security patches from upstream, cryptography is also dropping support for them. To fix this issue you should upgrade to a newer version of OpenSSL (1.0.1 or later). This may require you to upgrade to a newer operating system.